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ImmunoAnalysis. 2023;3: 2.
doi: 10.34172/ia.2023.02
  Abstract View: 303
  PDF Download: 260

Original Research

Immunogenicity of Chitosan-Based Non-invasive Vaccine Strategy Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Rasoul Hoseinpour 1,2,3 ORCID logo, Alka Hasani 1,2,3,4* ORCID logo, Behzad Baradaran 1 ORCID logo, Jalal Abdolalizadeh 5 ORCID logo, Roya Salehi 5 ORCID logo, Akbar Hasani 6 ORCID logo, Hossein Samadi Kafil 2 ORCID logo, Edris Nabizadeh 2,3 ORCID logo

1 Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3 Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4 Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research, and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
5 Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
6 Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
*Corresponding Author: *Corresponding Author: Alka Hasani, Email: hasanialka@tbzmed.ac.ir, , Email: dr.alkahasani@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: In spite of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, still tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a problematic impediment that requires perspective management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of chitosan nanoparticles containing recombinant mycobacterial proteins and adjuvant in the Balb/C mice through a non-invasive nasal inhalation delivery route and measure the level of cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-17.

Methods: Thirty mice in five different groups were vaccinated through inhalation with compounds set in different combinations. Two weeks after the last nasal delivery, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 were measured in spleen cell culture supernatants.

Results: The IFN-γ and IL-17 concentrations were found to increase in the groups that received chitosan nanoparticles containing protein and adjuvant alone or as a BCG booster. Our study showed that the chitosan nanoparticle containing protein and adjuvant induced a Th1 response. However, the groups that first received BCG and then chitosan nanoparticles containing protein and adjuvant had the greatest Th1 response in terms of IFN-γ and IL-17 production in all the groups.

Conclusion: Our findings showed that the vaccine designed to be administered through the nasal mucosa well stimulates cellular immunity and enhances the BCG vaccine’s effectiveness.

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Submitted: 27 Jan 2023
Accepted: 19 Feb 2023
ePublished: 27 Mar 2023
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